Bismuth

Atomic number

83

Atomic mass (u)

208.98040

Category

Post-transition metal

Standard state

Solid

Melting point

271.4 °C (544.55 K)

Boiling point

1563.85 °C (1837 K)

Density (g/cm³)

9.807

Electronegativity (Pauling)

2.02

Electron configuration

[Xe]6s2 4f14 5d10 6p3

Oxidation states

+5, +3

Atomic radius (pm)

207

First ionization energy (eV)

7.289

Discovery & recognition

Discovery year / period (PubChem)

1753

Discovery credited to (RSC)

No individual discoverer recorded by this source

Date or period recorded by RSC

approx 1500

Discovery place

Not supplied in the structured record; see the RSC history source.

An ancient date does not identify a first human discovery. Different references may date observation, isolation and formal recognition differently.

Natural occurrence & production

The creation of an element’s nuclei and its concentration into terrestrial deposits are different processes. The occurrence note below concerns its presence or production on Earth; it is not a complete account of nucleosynthesis.

“Bismuth occurs as the native metal, and in ores such as bismuthinite and bismite.”

Royal Society of Chemistry · occurrence excerpt ↗

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Reference values are not product specifications. Blank values have not been estimated. For superheavy elements, some properties and family assignments are theoretical or incompletely measured.