Bromine

Atomic number

35

Atomic mass (u)

79.90

Category

Halogen

Standard state

Liquid

Melting point

-7.2 °C (265.95 K)

Boiling point

58.8 °C (331.95 K)

Density (g/cm³)

3.11

Electronegativity (Pauling)

2.96

Electron configuration

[Ar]4s2 3d10 4p5

Oxidation states

+5, +1, -1

Atomic radius (pm)

183

First ionization energy (eV)

11.814

Discovery & recognition

Discovery year / period (PubChem)

1826

Discovery credited to (RSC)

Antoine-Jérôme Balard in Montpellier, France and Carl Löwig in Heidelberg, Germany

Date or period recorded by RSC

1826

Discovery place

Not supplied in the structured record; see the RSC history source.

An ancient date does not identify a first human discovery. Different references may date observation, isolation and formal recognition differently.

Natural occurrence & production

The creation of an element’s nuclei and its concentration into terrestrial deposits are different processes. The occurrence note below concerns its presence or production on Earth; it is not a complete account of nucleosynthesis.

“Bromine is extracted by electrolysis from natural bromine-rich brine deposits in the USA, Israel and China.”

Royal Society of Chemistry · occurrence excerpt ↗

Continue the research

Reference values are not product specifications. Blank values have not been estimated. For superheavy elements, some properties and family assignments are theoretical or incompletely measured.