Fluorine

Atomic number

9

Atomic mass (u)

18.99840316

Category

Halogen

Standard state

Gas

Melting point

-219.62 °C (53.53 K)

Boiling point

-188.12 °C (85.03 K)

Density (g/cm³)

0.001696

Electronegativity (Pauling)

3.98

Electron configuration

[He]2s2 2p5

Oxidation states

-1

Atomic radius (pm)

135

First ionization energy (eV)

17.423

Discovery & recognition

Discovery year / period (PubChem)

1670

Discovery credited to (RSC)

Henri Moissan

Date or period recorded by RSC

1886

Discovery place

Not supplied in the structured record; see the RSC history source.

An ancient date does not identify a first human discovery. Different references may date observation, isolation and formal recognition differently.

Natural occurrence & production

The creation of an element’s nuclei and its concentration into terrestrial deposits are different processes. The occurrence note below concerns its presence or production on Earth; it is not a complete account of nucleosynthesis.

“The most common fluorine minerals are fluorite, fluorspar and cryolite, but it is also rather widely distributed in other minerals.”

Royal Society of Chemistry · occurrence excerpt ↗

Continue the research

Reference values are not product specifications. Blank values have not been estimated. For superheavy elements, some properties and family assignments are theoretical or incompletely measured.