Hafnium

Atomic number

72

Atomic mass (u)

178.49

Category

Transition metal

Standard state

Solid

Melting point

2232.85 °C (2506 K)

Boiling point

4602.85 °C (4876 K)

Density (g/cm³)

13.3

Electronegativity (Pauling)

1.3

Electron configuration

[Xe]6s2 4f14 5d2

Oxidation states

+4

Atomic radius (pm)

212

First ionization energy (eV)

6.825

Discovery & recognition

Discovery year / period (PubChem)

1923

Discovery credited to (RSC)

George Charles de Hevesy and Dirk Coster

Date or period recorded by RSC

1923

Discovery place

Copenhagen, Denmark

An ancient date does not identify a first human discovery. Different references may date observation, isolation and formal recognition differently.

Natural occurrence & production

The creation of an element’s nuclei and its concentration into terrestrial deposits are different processes. The occurrence note below concerns its presence or production on Earth; it is not a complete account of nucleosynthesis.

“Most zirconium ores contain around 5% hafnium.”

Royal Society of Chemistry · occurrence excerpt ↗

Continue the research

Reference values are not product specifications. Blank values have not been estimated. For superheavy elements, some properties and family assignments are theoretical or incompletely measured.