Manganese

Atomic number

25

Atomic mass (u)

54.93804

Category

Transition metal

Standard state

Solid

Melting point

1245.85 °C (1519 K)

Boiling point

2060.85 °C (2334 K)

Density (g/cm³)

7.3

Electronegativity (Pauling)

1.55

Electron configuration

[Ar]4s2 3d5

Oxidation states

+7, +4, +3, +2

Atomic radius (pm)

197

First ionization energy (eV)

7.434

Discovery & recognition

Discovery year / period (PubChem)

1774

Discovery credited to (RSC)

Johan Gottlieb Gahn

Date or period recorded by RSC

1774

Discovery place

Not supplied in the structured record; see the RSC history source.

An ancient date does not identify a first human discovery. Different references may date observation, isolation and formal recognition differently.

Natural occurrence & production

The creation of an element’s nuclei and its concentration into terrestrial deposits are different processes. The occurrence note below concerns its presence or production on Earth; it is not a complete account of nucleosynthesis.

“Manganese is the fifth most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust.”

Royal Society of Chemistry · occurrence excerpt ↗

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Reference values are not product specifications. Blank values have not been estimated. For superheavy elements, some properties and family assignments are theoretical or incompletely measured.