Neodymium

Atomic number

60

Atomic mass (u)

144.24

Category

Lanthanide

Standard state

Solid

Melting point

1020.85 °C (1294 K)

Boiling point

3073.85 °C (3347 K)

Density (g/cm³)

7.01

Electronegativity (Pauling)

1.14

Electron configuration

[Xe]6s2 4f4

Oxidation states

+3

Atomic radius (pm)

229

First ionization energy (eV)

5.525

Discovery & recognition

Discovery year / period (PubChem)

1885

Discovery credited to (RSC)

Carl Auer von Welsbach

Date or period recorded by RSC

1885

Discovery place

Vienna, Austria

An ancient date does not identify a first human discovery. Different references may date observation, isolation and formal recognition differently.

Natural occurrence & production

The creation of an element’s nuclei and its concentration into terrestrial deposits are different processes. The occurrence note below concerns its presence or production on Earth; it is not a complete account of nucleosynthesis.

“The main sources of most lanthanide elements are the minerals monazite and bastnaesite.”

Royal Society of Chemistry · occurrence excerpt ↗

Continue the research

Reference values are not product specifications. Blank values have not been estimated. For superheavy elements, some properties and family assignments are theoretical or incompletely measured.