Sulfur

Atomic number

16

Atomic mass (u)

32.07

Category

Nonmetal

Standard state

Solid

Melting point

115.21 °C (388.36 K)

Boiling point

444.6 °C (717.75 K)

Density (g/cm³)

2.067

Electronegativity (Pauling)

2.58

Electron configuration

[Ne]3s2 3p4

Oxidation states

+6, +4, -2

Atomic radius (pm)

180

First ionization energy (eV)

10.360

Discovery & recognition

Discovery year / period (PubChem)

Ancient

Discovery credited to (RSC)

No individual discoverer recorded by this source

Date or period recorded by RSC

Prehistoric

Discovery place

Known since antiquity; no single first-discovery place is established.

An ancient date does not identify a first human discovery. Different references may date observation, isolation and formal recognition differently.

Natural occurrence & production

The creation of an element’s nuclei and its concentration into terrestrial deposits are different processes. The occurrence note below concerns its presence or production on Earth; it is not a complete account of nucleosynthesis.

“Sulfur occurs naturally as the element, often in volcanic areas.”

Royal Society of Chemistry · occurrence excerpt ↗

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Reference values are not product specifications. Blank values have not been estimated. For superheavy elements, some properties and family assignments are theoretical or incompletely measured.