Tin

Atomic number

50

Atomic mass (u)

118.71

Category

Post-transition metal

Standard state

Solid

Melting point

231.93 °C (505.08 K)

Boiling point

2601.85 °C (2875 K)

Density (g/cm³)

7.287

Electronegativity (Pauling)

1.96

Electron configuration

[Kr]5s2 4d10 5p2

Oxidation states

+4, +2

Atomic radius (pm)

217

First ionization energy (eV)

7.344

Discovery & recognition

Discovery year / period (PubChem)

Ancient

Discovery credited to (RSC)

No individual discoverer recorded by this source

Date or period recorded by RSC

approx 2100BC

Discovery place

Known since antiquity; no single first-discovery place is established.

An ancient date does not identify a first human discovery. Different references may date observation, isolation and formal recognition differently.

Natural occurrence & production

The creation of an element’s nuclei and its concentration into terrestrial deposits are different processes. The occurrence note below concerns its presence or production on Earth; it is not a complete account of nucleosynthesis.

“Tin is found principally in the ore cassiterite (tin(IV) oxide).”

Royal Society of Chemistry · occurrence excerpt ↗

Continue the research

Reference values are not product specifications. Blank values have not been estimated. For superheavy elements, some properties and family assignments are theoretical or incompletely measured.