Vanadium

Atomic number

23

Atomic mass (u)

50.9415

Category

Transition metal

Standard state

Solid

Melting point

1909.85 °C (2183 K)

Boiling point

3406.85 °C (3680 K)

Density (g/cm³)

6.0

Electronegativity (Pauling)

1.63

Electron configuration

[Ar]4s2 3d3

Oxidation states

+5, +4, +3, +2

Atomic radius (pm)

179

First ionization energy (eV)

6.746

Discovery & recognition

Discovery year / period (PubChem)

1801

Discovery credited to (RSC)

Andrés Manuel del Rio

Date or period recorded by RSC

1801

Discovery place

Mexico City, Mexico; independently rediscovered in Stockholm, Sweden

An ancient date does not identify a first human discovery. Different references may date observation, isolation and formal recognition differently.

Natural occurrence & production

The creation of an element’s nuclei and its concentration into terrestrial deposits are different processes. The occurrence note below concerns its presence or production on Earth; it is not a complete account of nucleosynthesis.

“Vanadium is found in about 65 different minerals including vanadinite, carnotite and patronite.”

Royal Society of Chemistry · occurrence excerpt ↗

Continue the research

Reference values are not product specifications. Blank values have not been estimated. For superheavy elements, some properties and family assignments are theoretical or incompletely measured.