Niobium

Atomic number

41

Atomic mass (u)

92.90637

Category

Transition metal

Standard state

Solid

Melting point

2476.85 °C (2750 K)

Boiling point

4743.85 °C (5017 K)

Density (g/cm³)

8.57

Electronegativity (Pauling)

1.6

Electron configuration

[Kr]5s1 4d4

Oxidation states

+5, +3

Atomic radius (pm)

207

First ionization energy (eV)

6.759

Discovery & recognition

Discovery year / period (PubChem)

1801

Discovery credited to (RSC)

Charles Hatchett

Date or period recorded by RSC

1801

Discovery place

British Museum, London, United Kingdom

An ancient date does not identify a first human discovery. Different references may date observation, isolation and formal recognition differently.

Natural occurrence & production

The creation of an element’s nuclei and its concentration into terrestrial deposits are different processes. The occurrence note below concerns its presence or production on Earth; it is not a complete account of nucleosynthesis.

“The main source of this element is the mineral columbite.”

Royal Society of Chemistry · occurrence excerpt ↗

Continue the research

Reference values are not product specifications. Blank values have not been estimated. For superheavy elements, some properties and family assignments are theoretical or incompletely measured.