Zirconium

Atomic number

40

Atomic mass (u)

91.22

Category

Transition metal

Standard state

Solid

Melting point

1854.85 °C (2128 K)

Boiling point

4408.85 °C (4682 K)

Density (g/cm³)

6.52

Electronegativity (Pauling)

1.33

Electron configuration

[Kr]5s2 4d2

Oxidation states

+4

Atomic radius (pm)

186

First ionization energy (eV)

6.634

Discovery & recognition

Discovery year / period (PubChem)

1789

Discovery credited to (RSC)

Martin Heinrich Klaproth

Date or period recorded by RSC

1789

Discovery place

Not supplied in the structured record; see the RSC history source.

An ancient date does not identify a first human discovery. Different references may date observation, isolation and formal recognition differently.

Natural occurrence & production

The creation of an element’s nuclei and its concentration into terrestrial deposits are different processes. The occurrence note below concerns its presence or production on Earth; it is not a complete account of nucleosynthesis.

“Zirconium occurs in about 30 mineral species, the major ones being zircon and baddeleyite.”

Royal Society of Chemistry · occurrence excerpt ↗

Continue the research

Reference values are not product specifications. Blank values have not been estimated. For superheavy elements, some properties and family assignments are theoretical or incompletely measured.