Yttrium

Atomic number

39

Atomic mass (u)

88.90584

Category

Transition metal

Standard state

Solid

Melting point

1521.85 °C (1795 K)

Boiling point

3344.85 °C (3618 K)

Density (g/cm³)

4.47

Electronegativity (Pauling)

1.22

Electron configuration

[Kr]5s2 4d1

Oxidation states

+3

Atomic radius (pm)

219

First ionization energy (eV)

6.217

Discovery & recognition

Discovery year / period (PubChem)

1794

Discovery credited to (RSC)

Johan Gadolin

Date or period recorded by RSC

1794

Discovery place

Finland (Gadolin’s analysis); source rock from Ytterby, Sweden

An ancient date does not identify a first human discovery. Different references may date observation, isolation and formal recognition differently.

Natural occurrence & production

The creation of an element’s nuclei and its concentration into terrestrial deposits are different processes. The occurrence note below concerns its presence or production on Earth; it is not a complete account of nucleosynthesis.

“Xenotime can contain up to 50% yttrium phosphate.”

Royal Society of Chemistry · occurrence excerpt ↗

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Reference values are not product specifications. Blank values have not been estimated. For superheavy elements, some properties and family assignments are theoretical or incompletely measured.