Copper

Atomic number

29

Atomic mass (u)

63.55

Category

Transition metal

Standard state

Solid

Melting point

1084.62 °C (1357.77 K)

Boiling point

2561.85 °C (2835 K)

Density (g/cm³)

8.933

Electronegativity (Pauling)

1.9

Electron configuration

[Ar]4s1 3d10

Oxidation states

+2, +1

Atomic radius (pm)

140

First ionization energy (eV)

7.726

Discovery & recognition

Discovery year / period (PubChem)

Ancient

Discovery credited to (RSC)

No individual discoverer recorded by this source

Date or period recorded by RSC

Prehistoric

Discovery place

Known since antiquity; no single first-discovery place is established.

An ancient date does not identify a first human discovery. Different references may date observation, isolation and formal recognition differently.

Natural occurrence & production

The creation of an element’s nuclei and its concentration into terrestrial deposits are different processes. The occurrence note below concerns its presence or production on Earth; it is not a complete account of nucleosynthesis.

“Copper metal does occur naturally, but by far the greatest source is in minerals such as chalcopyrite and bornite.”

Royal Society of Chemistry · occurrence excerpt ↗

Continue the research

Reference values are not product specifications. Blank values have not been estimated. For superheavy elements, some properties and family assignments are theoretical or incompletely measured.