Zinc

Atomic number

30

Atomic mass (u)

65.4

Category

Transition metal

Standard state

Solid

Melting point

419.53 °C (692.68 K)

Boiling point

906.85 °C (1180 K)

Density (g/cm³)

7.134

Electronegativity (Pauling)

1.65

Electron configuration

[Ar]4s2 3d10

Oxidation states

+2

Atomic radius (pm)

139

First ionization energy (eV)

9.394

Discovery & recognition

Discovery year / period (PubChem)

1746

Discovery credited to (RSC)

Andreas Marggraf

Date or period recorded by RSC

Identified as an element in 1746, but known to the Greeks and Romans before 20BC.

Discovery place

Early metal production in India; modern European recognition in Germany

An ancient date does not identify a first human discovery. Different references may date observation, isolation and formal recognition differently.

Natural occurrence & production

The creation of an element’s nuclei and its concentration into terrestrial deposits are different processes. The occurrence note below concerns its presence or production on Earth; it is not a complete account of nucleosynthesis.

“Zinc is found in several ores, the principal ones being zinc blende (zinc sulfide) and calamine (zinc silicate).”

Royal Society of Chemistry · occurrence excerpt ↗

Continue the research

Reference values are not product specifications. Blank values have not been estimated. For superheavy elements, some properties and family assignments are theoretical or incompletely measured.