Nickel

Atomic number

28

Atomic mass (u)

58.693

Category

Transition metal

Standard state

Solid

Melting point

1454.85 °C (1728 K)

Boiling point

2912.85 °C (3186 K)

Density (g/cm³)

8.912

Electronegativity (Pauling)

1.91

Electron configuration

[Ar]4s2 3d8

Oxidation states

+3, +2

Atomic radius (pm)

163

First ionization energy (eV)

7.640

Discovery & recognition

Discovery year / period (PubChem)

1751

Discovery credited to (RSC)

Axel Fredrik Cronstedt

Date or period recorded by RSC

1751

Discovery place

Stockholm, Sweden; source ore from Los, Hälsingland

An ancient date does not identify a first human discovery. Different references may date observation, isolation and formal recognition differently.

Natural occurrence & production

The creation of an element’s nuclei and its concentration into terrestrial deposits are different processes. The occurrence note below concerns its presence or production on Earth; it is not a complete account of nucleosynthesis.

“The minerals from which most nickel is extracted are iron/nickel sulfides such as pentlandite.”

Royal Society of Chemistry · occurrence excerpt ↗

Continue the research

Reference values are not product specifications. Blank values have not been estimated. For superheavy elements, some properties and family assignments are theoretical or incompletely measured.