Gallium

Atomic number

31

Atomic mass (u)

69.723

Category

Post-transition metal

Standard state

Solid

Melting point

29.76 °C (302.91 K)

Boiling point

2203.85 °C (2477 K)

Density (g/cm³)

5.91

Electronegativity (Pauling)

1.81

Electron configuration

[Ar]4s2 3d10 4p1

Oxidation states

+3

Atomic radius (pm)

187

First ionization energy (eV)

5.999

Discovery & recognition

Discovery year / period (PubChem)

1875

Discovery credited to (RSC)

Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran

Date or period recorded by RSC

1875

Discovery place

Paris, France

An ancient date does not identify a first human discovery. Different references may date observation, isolation and formal recognition differently.

Natural occurrence & production

The creation of an element’s nuclei and its concentration into terrestrial deposits are different processes. The occurrence note below concerns its presence or production on Earth; it is not a complete account of nucleosynthesis.

“It is present in trace amounts in the minerals diaspore, sphalerite, germanite, bauxite and coal.”

Royal Society of Chemistry · occurrence excerpt ↗

Continue the research

Reference values are not product specifications. Blank values have not been estimated. For superheavy elements, some properties and family assignments are theoretical or incompletely measured.